Despacha, que dispiértan. (Be quick, they are waking up), plate 78 from the first edition of Los Caprichos (Madrid, 1799)

Goya’s contemporaries interpreted this print of hooded figures in a kitchen-like space in differing ways. Some considered it a critique of popular superstitions, while others understood it as directed toward religious institutions.

One anonymous commentator identified the figures as goblins, writing: “The goblins are the most industrious and obliging people there are. As the maid keeps them happy, they scour the pot, cook the vegetables, wash up, sweep, and hush the child. It has often been disputed whether they are devils or not; don’t let us deceive ourselves. Devils are those who spend their time doing harm, or hindering others from doing good, or doing nothing at all.” In contrast, another anonymous commentator understood the figures to be representatives of the Church. This author wrote simply: “Friars and nuns have banquets by night in order to sing well by day.”